When to Stop Bottle Feeding and Pacifier Use: What Parents Should Know About Feeding and Speech Development
- VoxLingua Health
- Aug 12
- 17 min read
Written by Alexandra Paguaga, M.S., SLP
Founder, VoxLingua Health
Published: August 9, 2026
Bottle feeding and pacifier use are common parts of infancy. They can support nutrition, comfort, soothing, sleep routines, and early regulation. But as babies become toddlers, many parents begin asking an important question:
When should my child stop using a bottle or pacifier, and could continued use affect feeding or speech development?
For most children, cup learning can begin around 6 months, and the transition away from bottles is generally completed between 12 and 18 months. Pacifier use can be reduced gradually during toddlerhood, especially during awake talking, play, and social interaction. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends discontinuing nonnutritive sucking habits by 36 months of age.
Prolonged bottle or pacifier use does not automatically mean a child will have a feeding, dental, speech, or language problem. Concerns become more important when the habit replaces age-appropriate eating or drinking skills, is present for much of the day, affects the teeth or bite, interferes with communication opportunities, or is unusually difficult to reduce.
At VoxLingua Health in Orlando, we help families understand pediatric speech, language, feeding, and oral function in a calm and practical way. The goal is not to shame parents for using bottles or pacifiers. The goal is to help families recognize when these tools are still useful, when a child may be ready for the next stage, and when individualized guidance may help.
Quick Answer: When Should Children Stop Bottle Feeding and Pacifier Use?
Most children can begin practicing with a cup around 6 months and gradually complete the transition away from bottles between 12 and 18 months. Pacifiers can be reduced during toddlerhood, especially during awake communication and play, with the goal of ending the sucking habit by age 3. Children with feeding, medical, sensory, developmental, or oral-motor concerns may need an individualized plan.
Parent takeaway: Bottles are designed for infant feeding, and pacifiers are primarily soothing tools. As children grow, the goal is to create opportunities for cup drinking, chewing, communication, social interaction, and age-appropriate self-regulation.
Bottle and Pacifier Weaning by Age: A Parent Quick Guide
Every child is different, but this general guide can help parents understand when to begin making changes.
Child’s age | Bottle use | Pacifier use | Parent goal |
0–6 months | Developmentally appropriate when bottle feeding is used | May be used for soothing or sleep when appropriate | Support safe feeding, bonding, regulation, and healthy routines |
6–12 months | Begin cup exposure as solids are introduced and skills allow | Create pacifier-free periods during awake play and babbling | Build early cup skills and communication opportunities |
12–18 months | Gradually reduce bottles and work toward completing the cup transition | Reduce daytime use, especially during talking and play | Support cup drinking, mealtime participation, and communication |
18–24 months | Ongoing bottle dependence should be addressed unless medically indicated | Consider limiting use to specific comfort or sleep routines while continuing to reduce | Build independence and replacement soothing routines |
2–3 years | Routine bottle use is generally no longer expected; difficulty stopping deserves guidance | Continue weaning; AAPD recommends discontinuing nonnutritive sucking habits by 36 months | Support dental health, communication access, feeding skills, and emotional readiness |
3+ years | Persistent bottle use should be discussed with the child’s healthcare team | Persistent pacifier use warrants dental/pediatric guidance and a weaning plan | Address ongoing oral habit, dental, feeding, or developmental concerns |
This timeline is a guide, not a diagnosis or rigid rule. Children with feeding difficulties, reflux, prematurity, developmental differences, sensory needs, airway concerns, or complex medical histories may need a slower or individualized transition.
What Is Bottle Weaning?
Bottle weaning means gradually helping a child transition from drinking from a bottle to drinking from an age-appropriate cup. Depending on the child, this may include an open cup, a straw cup, or another option recommended by a pediatric provider or feeding professional.
Bottle weaning is not simply about taking the bottle away. It is about making sure the child can safely and comfortably get needed fluids while building age-appropriate drinking and mealtime skills.
What Is Pacifier Weaning?
Pacifier weaning means gradually reducing and then ending pacifier use as a child builds other ways to soothe, sleep, communicate, play, and regulate emotions.
For some children, pacifier weaning is straightforward. For others, the pacifier is strongly connected to sleep, sensory comfort, anxiety, or transitions. In those cases, a gradual and supportive plan may be more realistic than abrupt removal.
What Does Oral-Motor Development Mean?
Oral-motor development refers to the coordinated movements of the lips, tongue, jaw, cheeks, and other structures of the mouth. These movements support feeding tasks such as sucking, chewing, cup drinking, and swallowing, and they also contribute to speech production.
Speech, however, is not simply a matter of making the mouth stronger. Speech development depends on motor planning and coordination, hearing, language development, learning, and repeated practice with actual speech. Bottle or pacifier weaning should therefore be viewed as part of a broader developmental transition rather than as a stand-alone speech treatment.
Why Bottles and Pacifiers Are Helpful in Infancy
Bottles and pacifiers are not “bad.” They can serve important and appropriate purposes during infancy.
A bottle may be used to provide breast milk or infant formula when bottle feeding is chosen, needed, supplemented, or medically recommended. A pacifier may satisfy a baby’s need for nonnutritive sucking and can support soothing and sleep routines for some infants.
For many babies, sucking is connected to:
comfort and calming
regulation
sleep routines
feeding organization
caregiver bonding
sensory input
The developmental question is not whether a child ever used a bottle or pacifier. It is whether the tool is still meeting a useful need or is beginning to replace skills and routines the child is ready to build.
When Should My Child Stop Using a Bottle?
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends beginning cup practice when solids are introduced and gradually completing the transition from bottle to cup between 12 and 18 months for most children.
A toddler’s bottle use deserves closer attention when the child:
carries a bottle for much of the day
drinks from a bottle instead of participating in meals and snacks
falls asleep with milk, formula, juice, or another caloric drink
refuses developmentally appropriate cups
gets a large share of daily calories from bottles instead of age-appropriate foods
has difficulty chewing or progressing textures
relies on the bottle mainly for comfort rather than nutrition
becomes extremely distressed when bottle routines are changed
Quick answer: If your child is older than 12 months and still depends heavily on bottles, discuss the transition with your pediatrician. If your child cannot move toward cup drinking, has limited food intake, or has feeding-skill concerns, a feeding evaluation may be helpful.
Can Prolonged Bottle Use Affect Feeding Development?
Bottle feeding is developmentally appropriate for infants. The concern is prolonged dependence when the bottle replaces opportunities to practice age-appropriate eating and drinking.
As children grow, they typically gain experience with:
open-cup or straw drinking
chewing a wider range of age-appropriate textures
moving food through the mouth efficiently
self-feeding
participating in structured meals and snacks
responding to hunger and fullness cues
The CDC notes that children can begin learning cup skills during the second half of the first year. CDC cup-learning guidance describes offering a training cup or cup with a straw around 6 months and practice with an open cup beginning around 9 months.
Some toddlers who rely heavily on bottles may have fewer chances to practice these skills. They may resist cups, prefer liquids, graze on milk throughout the day, or have difficulty moving toward family mealtimes. When bottle dependence is accompanied by coughing, choking, poor growth, limited textures, or very restricted intake, the issue may be more than a habit.
Bottle Habit vs. Feeding Concern: What Is the Difference?
What parents see | May suggest | Who may help |
Bottle mainly at bedtime | Sleep association or comfort routine | Pediatrician, parent coaching, gradual routine changes |
Refuses all cups | Cup-transition or feeding-skill difficulty | Pediatrician, feeding therapist, or SLP with feeding expertise |
Most calories come from bottles | Feeding routine or nutrition concern | Pediatrician, feeding specialist, dietitian when indicated |
Coughs, gags, or chokes during meals | Possible feeding or swallowing concern | Pediatrician and feeding/swallowing specialist |
Avoids textures or does not chew efficiently | Feeding-skill or sensory concern | Feeding therapist, pediatric SLP, or other qualified feeding professional |
Poor growth or limited intake | Medical or nutritional concern | Pediatrician and appropriate specialists |
Parent takeaway: A routine-based bottle habit may improve with consistent changes. Feeding or swallowing concerns may require individualized assessment.
When Should My Child Stop Using a Pacifier?
Pacifier weaning is individualized, but parents do not need to wait until age 3 to begin reducing use.
A practical first step is to create pacifier-free periods during awake play, talking, reading, meals, and social interaction.
The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry policy on pacifiers notes that use after 12 months may increase the risk of acute otitis media, use beyond 18 months can influence the developing orofacial complex, and nonnutritive sucking habits should be discontinued by 36 months.
Pacifier use deserves more attention if your child:
uses it for much of the waking day
regularly talks with it in the mouth
becomes very upset when asked to remove it for communication or meals
has dental or bite concerns
has persistent open-mouth resting posture or drooling that concerns you
has frequent ear infections or hearing concerns
is approaching age 3 and remains strongly dependent on it
Quick answer: Pacifier use does not have to stop overnight. Begin by protecting awake communication, play, and mealtime periods, then gradually reduce remaining use while building other soothing routines.
Can Pacifier Use Affect Speech Development?
Pacifiers do not automatically cause speech or language delay. Speech and language development are influenced by many factors, including hearing, language exposure, motor planning and coordination, developmental history, social interaction, and learning opportunities.
What is clearer is that a pacifier physically occupies the mouth. When it is used for long periods during the waking day, a child may have fewer natural opportunities to babble, imitate sounds, practice words, and participate clearly in back-and-forth conversation. For that reason, keeping the mouth free during talking and interactive play is a practical communication strategy.
Research examining prolonged pacifier use and language development has reported associations between more intensive or prolonged use and some communication outcomes, but the evidence does not show that every child who uses a pacifier will develop a speech or language disorder. Frequency, duration, daytime use, and the child’s broader developmental profile matter.
Parent takeaway: A pacifier may not be the cause of a speech delay. The most useful immediate step is to keep it out of the mouth during awake communication and seek an evaluation when speech or language concerns are present regardless of pacifier history.
Pacifier Habit vs. Speech Concern: What Is the Difference?
What parents see | May suggest | Helpful next step |
Pacifier only for sleep | Sleep or comfort association | Gradual bedtime plan when family is ready |
Talks with pacifier in mouth | Communication habit that may reduce clarity and practice opportunities | Create pacifier-free talking and play times |
Uses few sounds or words for age | Possible speech-language concern | Speech-language evaluation |
Difficult to understand for age | Possible speech sound concern | Pediatric speech-language evaluation |
Persistent drooling or open-mouth posture | May warrant oral, airway, dental, or developmental assessment | Pediatrician, pediatric dentist, ENT, or SLP as appropriate |
Bite or tooth-alignment concerns | Dental/orofacial effect of a prolonged sucking habit | Pediatric dentist evaluation |
How Bottles and Pacifiers Can Affect the Mouth
The mouth supports eating, drinking, swallowing, breathing, facial expression, and speech. Long-lasting sucking habits can also influence developing teeth and bite relationships.
With prolonged pacifier use, the most clearly established concerns are dental and orofacial. Depending on duration and intensity, a child may develop changes such as an anterior open bite or posterior crossbite. These changes are not inevitable, and some improve after the sucking habit stops, especially when it ends early enough.
Parents should pay attention to:
changes in tooth alignment or bite
persistent open-mouth posture
difficulty closing the lips comfortably at rest
feeding or chewing difficulty
speech that is difficult to understand for age
persistent bottle or pacifier dependence beyond the expected transition period
A pediatric dentist is the best professional to evaluate teeth, bite, and dental effects. A speech-language or feeding professional can evaluate communication and feeding function when those concerns are present.
Bedtime Bottles: Why They Need Special Attention
The bedtime bottle can be one of the hardest routines to change because it may be closely tied to comfort and sleep.
It also deserves special attention for dental health. When a child falls asleep with milk, formula, juice, or another carbohydrate-containing drink, sugars can remain around the teeth for prolonged periods. The American Academy of Pediatrics advises against putting children to bed with bottles containing milk, formula, juice, or other sugary liquids.
A healthier bedtime transition may include:
Move the final bottle or milk drink earlier in the bedtime routine.
Brush the child’s teeth after the final milk or food.
Replace the bottle with a calming routine such as a book, song, rocking, gentle touch, or comfort object.
Replacing a bedtime bottle or pacifier with books, cuddles, songs, and a comfort object can help toddlers build a new calming sleep routine. Use the same predictable sequence each night.
Gradually reduce the bottle if a slower transition is needed.
Move toward cup drinking during the day and at meals.
If your child has feeding difficulties, reflux, poor growth, limited intake, or medical concerns, talk with the child’s pediatrician before making major changes to nutrition or feeding routines.
Why “Just Take It Away” Is Not Always the Best Advice
Some children tolerate sudden bottle or pacifier removal. Others do better when adults identify what the habit is doing for the child and deliberately build a replacement routine.
A bottle or pacifier may be helping a child manage:
sleep
stress or separation
teething discomfort
sensory input
transitions
boredom
anxiety
self-soothing
changes in routine
Before removing the tool, it often helps to build the replacement skill.
This approach fits VoxLingua Health’s Build • Believe • Become philosophy: build the next skill, believe in the child’s ability to adapt with support, and help the child become more confident with feeding, communication, and regulation.
Parent Scripts for Bottle and Pacifier Weaning
Simple, consistent language can help toddlers understand what is changing. Keep the words brief and use the same message repeatedly.
For Bottle Weaning
“Milk is in your cup now.”
“Bottle is all done. Cup is for drinking.”
“First cup, then story.”
“You can hold your cup at the table.”
“Let’s drink together.”
For Pacifier Weaning
“Pacifier is for bedtime.”
“Your mouth is free for talking.”
“Pacifier stays in your bed.”
“You can have a hug and your blanket.”
“Let’s put the pacifier away while we play.”
Avoid teasing, punishment, or shame. Toddlers often adjust better when adults stay calm, predictable, and consistent.
How to Start Weaning From the Bottle
Step 1: Start With the Least Emotional Daytime Bottle
Daytime bottles are often easier to replace than bottles connected to sleep. Choose one predictable bottle to change first.
Step 2: Offer an Age-Appropriate Cup
Some children do well with an open cup, while others benefit from a straw cup or a short training-cup phase. The best option depends on the child’s abilities and feeding needs.
Step 3: Create Structured Meals and Drinks
Avoid letting toddlers carry bottles throughout the day. Structured meals, snacks, and drink times can support appetite, mealtime participation, and predictable routines.
Step 4: Replace Comfort With Connection
Use books, songs, cuddles, movement, a comfort object, or another routine that gives the child something concrete to do instead of reaching for the bottle.
Step 5: Watch the Child’s Response
If your child refuses all cups, significantly reduces fluid intake, has difficulty chewing, or coughs, chokes, or repeatedly gags while eating or drinking, seek professional guidance rather than pushing through the transition alone.
How to Start Weaning From the Pacifier
Pacifier weaning is often easier when parents reduce use in specific contexts before removing it completely.
Create pacifier-free talking, reading, and play time.
Keep the pacifier away during meals and snacks.
Store the pacifier in one predictable place instead of allowing all-day access.
Temporarily limit use to sleep or a specific calming routine if needed.
Offer a comfort object, cuddle, song, or movement routine instead.
Praise the child for talking, playing, or calming without the pacifier.
Use a visual routine or countdown with older toddlers.
Choose a relatively calm period rather than a week filled with major transitions.
Children who use pacifiers for significant sensory regulation, anxiety, developmental differences, or sleep difficulties may benefit from an individualized plan with their pediatrician, dentist, or developmental/therapy team.
Signs Your Child May Need Help Transitioning From a Bottle or Pacifier
Consider seeking professional guidance if:
the bottle or pacifier is used for much of the waking day
your child regularly talks with a pacifier in the mouth
your child refuses all cups
your child avoids age-appropriate textures or does not chew effectively
your child coughs, chokes, or repeatedly gags during meals or drinks
speech or language seems behind for age or speech is difficult to understand
your child becomes extremely distressed when bottle or pacifier routines are changed
dental, bite, or persistent open-mouth posture concerns are present
your child receives most calories from bottles instead of age-appropriate foods
feeding or communication routines are creating significant family stress
If feeding concerns extend beyond weaning, our guide to pediatric feeding disorders explains signs that may warrant a feeding evaluation.
Should I Call a Pediatrician, Dentist, Speech-Language Pathologist, or Feeding Therapist?
Different professionals answer different parts of the question, and some children benefit from a team approach.
Concern | Professional to consider |
Growth, nutrition, reflux, sleep, illness, or general development | Pediatrician |
Tooth alignment, bite, palate, cavities, or oral habit effects on teeth | Pediatric dentist |
Speech clarity, language development, sound production, or communication concerns | Pediatric speech-language pathologist |
Cup drinking, chewing, texture progression, oral feeding skills, or mealtime stress | Pediatric feeding therapist or SLP with feeding expertise |
Hearing concerns or recurrent ear infections | Pediatrician, audiologist, and/or ENT as appropriate |
A professional evaluation does not automatically mean therapy is needed. A pediatric evaluation can clarify the child’s strengths, identify whether a feeding or communication concern is present, and guide the next step.
What About Bilingual Children?
The same general bottle and pacifier principles apply to bilingual children. Being raised with two languages does not cause a speech or language disorder.
A pacifier used for much of the waking day can reduce communication opportunities in any language simply because it occupies the mouth during interaction. Families can create pacifier-free routines in English, Spanish, or whichever languages are used at home.
Families can:
name foods and actions during meals
sing familiar songs during routines
practice simple words during play
offer choices in the languages the family naturally uses
encourage gestures, sounds, words, and short phrases
read short books in the family’s home languages
For more information, read our guide to bilingual speech and language development.
If a bilingual child is not meeting communication milestones, an evaluation should consider the child’s full language background rather than assessing only one language in isolation.
Can Feeding Therapy Help With Bottle Weaning?
Yes. When bottle weaning is difficult because of feeding-skill, sensory, developmental, behavioral, or medical factors, feeding therapy may help identify what is making the transition hard and build the skills needed for the next stage.
Depending on the child’s needs, feeding intervention may address:
cup and straw drinking
chewing and food manipulation
texture progression
functional oral-motor coordination for feeding
mealtime routines
sensory comfort with new foods, cups, or utensils
reducing bottle dependence safely
caregiver coaching
ASHA’s pediatric feeding and swallowing guidance describes feeding as including eating and drinking skills such as sucking, chewing, and swallowing and emphasizes individualized, interprofessional care when concerns are present.
Can Speech Therapy Help if My Child Uses a Pacifier Often?
A speech-language pathologist does not simply “take away” a pacifier. The clinician evaluates the child’s actual communication skills and determines whether there are speech, language, hearing-related, motor-speech, or other developmental concerns that need support.
When appropriate, therapy or parent coaching may support:
babbling and sound imitation
early words and language expansion
speech sound clarity
social communication and turn-taking
parent-child communication routines
strategies for keeping the mouth free during communication
confidence using words, gestures, signs, or other communication methods
If your child is difficult to understand, our article on speech sound disorders in children explains when a speech-language evaluation may be helpful.
A Calm Parent Action Plan
If you are ready to reduce bottle or pacifier use, start with observation rather than pressure.
Track when your child uses the bottle or pacifier. Notice whether it is linked to hunger, sleep, boredom, sensory input, comfort, or transitions.
Protect communication time. Create daily pacifier-free periods for talking, singing, reading, playing, and interacting.
Support feeding-skill development. Offer developmentally appropriate cup practice and food textures that match your child’s abilities.
Replace the habit with a predictable routine. Use comfort objects, stories, songs, movement, calming phrases, or caregiver connection.
Ask for help when the transition is not progressing. A pediatrician, dentist, speech-language pathologist, or feeding professional can help determine why the child is struggling and what to do next.
Bottle, Pacifier, Feeding, and Speech Support in Orlando
For families near **Dr. Phillips** and throughout **Orlando and Central Florida**, including **Windermere, Winter Garden, Lake Nona, Hunter’s Creek, Winter Park, Kissimmee, Ocoee, MetroWest, Bay Hill, Horizon West, Celebration, and Maitland**, VoxLingua Health provides pediatric speech-language and feeding evaluations for concerns involving bottle-to-cup transitions, feeding skills, speech clarity, language development, oral function, and communication.
An evaluation can help determine whether the concern is primarily a routine or habit, a feeding-skill issue, a speech-language concern, a dental or medical issue that needs referral, or a combination of factors.
If bottle or pacifier transition is difficult and you are also concerned about feeding or communication, **request a pediatric evaluation with VoxLingua Health**. The first step is understanding what your child is already doing well and what support, if any, is appropriate next.
Final Thoughts: Build the Next Skill, Not Parent Guilt
Bottles and pacifiers are common early-childhood tools. They can be helpful and developmentally appropriate during infancy. As children grow, the goal is to gradually create more room for cup drinking, age-appropriate eating, communication, social interaction, and new ways to self-soothe.
For most children, bottle-to-cup transition is completed between 12 and 18 months. Pacifier use can be reduced progressively during toddlerhood, particularly during awake interaction, with the sucking habit discontinued by age 3. These are general guides, not rigid deadlines for every child.
If your child cannot transition to a cup, has feeding or swallowing red flags, has dental changes, or is showing speech-language concerns, the most useful step is not blame—it is individualized guidance.
Through our Build • Believe • Become philosophy, VoxLingua Health helps families build the next skill, believe in their child’s potential, and become more confident participants in feeding and communication development.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. When should my child stop using a bottle?
Most children can begin cup practice around 6 months and gradually complete the bottle-to-cup transition between 12 and 18 months. If a toddler remains highly dependent on bottles, especially for most liquids, nutrition, or comfort, discuss the transition with the child’s pediatrician.
2. When should my child stop using a pacifier?
Families can begin reducing daytime pacifier use during toddlerhood, especially during talking, play, and meals. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends discontinuing nonnutritive sucking habits by 36 months of age.
3. Can pacifiers cause speech delay?
Pacifiers do not automatically cause speech delay. Heavy daytime use may reduce opportunities to babble, imitate, and talk because the pacifier occupies the mouth. Research has reported associations between prolonged use and some communication outcomes, but a child’s speech and language development should be evaluated based on the full developmental picture.
4. Can bottle use affect feeding skills?
Prolonged bottle dependence can reduce opportunities for cup drinking, chewing, texture progression, and structured mealtime participation in some children. If a child refuses cups, avoids solids, has very limited textures, or gets most calories from bottles, a feeding evaluation may be helpful.
5. Is a bedtime bottle harmful?
Putting a child to sleep with milk, formula, juice, or another carbohydrate-containing drink can increase the risk of tooth decay because sugars remain around the teeth during sleep. Move the final milk earlier in the bedtime routine and brush teeth afterward.
6. What type of cup should my toddler use after the bottle?
Many children can practice with an open cup or straw cup. A short training-cup phase may also be used. The best choice depends on the child’s motor and feeding abilities. If your child cannot drink safely or comfortably from cups, seek individualized guidance.
7. Should I call a pediatrician, dentist, or speech-language pathologist first?
Start with the professional who matches the main concern. A pediatrician can address growth, nutrition, reflux, sleep, and general development. A pediatric dentist evaluates teeth and bite. A speech-language pathologist evaluates speech, language, communication, and—when appropriately trained—pediatric feeding and swallowing.
8. Does VoxLingua Health help with bottle, pacifier, feeding, and speech concerns in Orlando?
Yes. VoxLingua Health is located near the Dr. Phillips area in Orlando and serves families across Orlando and Central Florida, including nearby communities such as Windermere, Winter Garden, Lake Nona, Hunter’s Creek, Winter Park, Kissimmee, Ocoee, MetroWest, Bay Hill, Horizon West, Celebration, Maitland, and surrounding Orange County communities.. Families can request an evaluation when they are concerned about feeding transitions, cup drinking, speech clarity, language development, oral function, or communication.
About the Author
Alexandra Paguaga, M.S., SLP, is the Founder of VoxLingua Health and a pediatric speech-language pathologist serving families in Orlando and Central Florida. She brings more than 20 years of pediatric clinical experience across hospital, outpatient, school, and private-practice settings.
Alexandra supports children with speech, language, communication, feeding, oral-function, and developmental needs, provides bilingual English-Spanish services, and has experience participating as part of autism diagnostic teams in hospital settings.
Her work reflects VoxLingua Health’s Build • Believe • Become philosophy: helping children build skills, believe in their potential, and become more confident communicators.
Educational and Medical Disclaimer
This article is for educational purposes only and does not provide a diagnosis or replace individualized medical, dental, nutritional, feeding, swallowing, or speech-language evaluation. If a child has difficulty breathing, turns blue, has a severe choking episode, cannot maintain hydration, or has another urgent medical concern, seek appropriate emergency medical care.
External Clinical References
American Academy of Pediatrics / HealthyChildren.org — From Bottle to Cup: Helping Your Child Make a Healthy Transition https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Discontinuing-the-Bottle.aspx
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry — Policy on Pacifiers https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/p_pacifiers.pdf/
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association — Pediatric Feeding and Swallowing https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/pediatric-feeding-and-swallowing/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention — Fingers, Spoons, Forks, and Cups https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/mealtime/fingers-spoons-forks-and-cups.html
PubMed — The Effects of Prolonged Pacifier Use on Language Development in Infants and Toddlers https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38445061/
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